With the increasing complexity of laboratory environments and the high risks associated withscientific research activities, traditional fire protection systems are no longer sufficient in terms of accuratemonitoring and rapid response. This research proposes a multimodal perception-driven smart fire protectionsystem for laboratories. By integrating multidimensional sensor data, such as optical, chemical, andthermodynamic information, and combining deep learning with edge computing, the system achieves early fireidentification and coordinated response. Experimental results demonstrate that the system significantly reducesfalse alam rates and shortens response times in complex and interference-prone environments, offering a newtechnological approach to enhancing laboratory safety.

 Aiming at the limitation that the traditional teaching content of Fabry-Perot interferometer isconfined to the case of equal reflectivity of two mirrors, this paper derives the analytical expressions of reflectedlight intensity,transmitted light intensity,and intracavity circulating light intensity when the reflectivities of thetwo minrors are different, based on the theory of multiple-beam interference.A simulation system with dynamicinteractive functions was developed using Mathematica software. By adjusting key parameters such as thereflectivity of the two mirrors, cavity length, medium refractive index, and incident angle in real-time, thesystem can intuitively display the dynamic evolution of reflection, transmission, and intracavity circulatingspectra. According to the relationship between the reflectivities, the F-P cavity is classified into three types:impedance-matched cavity, under-coupled cavity, and over-coupled cavity, which makes up for the lack of thiscontent in traditional textbooks. This simulation visualizes and dynamizes the abstract process of multiple-beaminterference.It can serve as an effective teaching aid for university physics experiment courses, helping students
establish a clear physical picture and cultivate inquiry-based thinking skills.

This study combines inverted-pendulum dynamic modeling with integral state-feedback control to
design a wind-resistant rod system based on reaction-wheel torque compensation, achieving dynamic stability
under external wind forces. The system consists of three reaction wheels and a controlled rod. An MPU6050
attitude sensor is used to provide real-time feedback on the system posture,and the control input is calculated
by the integral state-feedback controller. The reaction-wheel speeds are then regulated through SimpleFOC to
generate compensation torque that counteracts the external wind torque. To quantify system performance, an
inverted-pendulum mathematical model was established, and the dynamic response of the system was evaluated
experimentally under different wind-speed conditions. The experimental results show that the system can
maintain stability within a wind-speed range of 0~4 m/s, with a maximum self-stabilizing wind speed of 5.5 m
s and an average self-stabilization time of less than 5 s. Under windless, level-one wind(2 m/s),and level-two
wind(4 m/s) conditions, the steady-state tilt angles of the rod are 0.005,0.025, and 0.057 rad, respectively,
while the maximum tilt angles are 0.095,0. 120,and 0.140 rad, respectively. The peak speeds of the reaction
wheels are 195, 215, and 278 rad/s, respectively. Simulated convective wind and randomly directed wind
experiments further verify the robustness of the system under multi-directional wind disturbances.Based on the
steady-state tilt-angle data, the sample variance and sample standard deviation of the system steady-state till
angle were caleulated as 0. 000 558 rad2 and 0. 023 63 rad, respectively. This study provides an intuitive
experimental platform for teaching angular momentum exchange and reaction wheel control, and offers a
reference for teaching demonstrations and basic experimental analysis of dynamic stabilization control in
unstable systems.

 X-ray fluorescence analysis offers advantages such as non-destructive testing, rapid multi-elementanalysis, high accuracy, and fast analysis speed.It is widely applied in resource exploration, scientifie research,environmental monitoring, and industrial production. To promote students' systematic mastery of this methodfrom principles to applications, this paper designs a series of experimental teaching systems based on thefundamental principles and application scenarios of X-ray fluorescence analysis. These systems encompassfoundational experiments, principle verification, and comprehensive application levels. This system aims tostimulate students' leaming interest and cultivate their ability to analyze complex problems and integrateknowledge. The practice results show that the experimental teaching system can help the students to understandthe basic principles of X-ray spectrometry and master the basic methods of X-ray fluorescence analysis,and thestudents' ability of using the learned knowledge to deal with practical problem can be improved.

 This paper presents an experimental study and analysis of three key issues that often confusestudents in the teaching of the photoelectric effect experiment. First, by comparing the stopping voltagesmeasured using the intersection method and the compensation method under different aperture diameters, theeffects of dark current and background current on the measurement of Planck's constant are quantitativelyevaluated, and the effectiveness of the compensation method is verified. Second, a comparison between a high-pressure mercury lamp and an LED light source reveals that the mercury lamp, with its sharp line spectrum,better conforms to the " monochromatic light" assumption, whereas the spectral broadening of the LEDintroduces deviations in the determination of the stopping voltage, thereby increasing the caleulation error ofPlanck's constant. Finally, the observed "inversion" phenomenon in the current-voltage curves at diferentwavelengths is analyzed.It is shown that the magnitude of the saturated photocurrent depends not only on thelight intensity but also on the relative spectral intensity of the light source at that wavelength and theransmiance of the optical filter. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical expectations. Thisstudy provides a reference for improving the teaching of the photoelectric effect experiment and helps studentsgain a deeper understanding of the sources of experimental errors and the underlying physical picture.

 The thermal expansion coefficient is a critical physical property parameter in physics and materialsscience, and its precise measurement is of great significance for verifying solid-state physics theories andindustrial applications. Traditional university physics thermal expansion experiments suffer from issues such asexpensive equipment, cumbersome operations, poor intuitiveness, limited measurement accuracy, and lowstudent engagement. To address these challenges, this paper designs a metal thermal expansion coefficientmeasurement device based on optical focusing and image analysis, combining optical imaging with digital imageprocessing to create a non-contact, high-precision, and low-cost visual measurement system. The system canmeasure and jointly solve for the thermal expansion of the longitudinal height and transverse diameter of ametal cylindrical sample, and then caleulate the linear expansion coefficient and bulk expansion coefficient.Experiments conducted with 6061-T6 aluminum alloy samples yielded linear expansion coefficients that closelymatched theoretical values, with a linear-to-volumetric expansion coefficient ratio of approximately 1 : 3,aligning with thermal expansion theory. This device effectively enhances experimental intuitiveness andoperability, providing a novel approach for university physics teaching and fostering students' practical andengineering skills.

Taking advantage of the sensitivity of ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) to displacementchanges,a composite displacement measurement method based on mechanical amplification and fiber Bragggrating technology is proposed. A helical structure design is adopted, where a micrometer screw is used to rotatea coaxial disk to achieve amplification of minute displacements. The minute axial displacement (AL) isefficiently converted into the tangential displacement of the disk through two amplifications, with a theoreticalamplification factor of 615.8 times(N=2TR/P,R=49 mm,P=0.5 mm).Combined with the high sensitivity ofultra-weak FBG to strain,a high-precision conversion from displacement to strain to wavelength is achieved. Thesystem is based on the Bragg reflection principle(A =2na) ,and a real-time detection of the wavelength shiftAA of the FBG is carried out through a demodulation module,establishing a linear fitting relationship of AA =1 649.752 0AX +0.0668 (R2 = 0.998 4). Experimental results show that the system can achieve sub-micronresolution (minimum 553. 9nm), has good measurement repeatability ( wavelength standard deviation about0.016 nm), and possesses advantages such as resistance to electromagnetic interference and strongenvironmental adaptability, providing an innovative solution that is structurally simple, highly sensitive, andhighly practical for micro-scale displacement measurement.

 Accurate measurement of micro-displacements holds significant importance in precisionmanufacturing, micro-nano processing, and physics experimental teaching. However, traditional high-precisiondisplacement measurement systems often rely on expensive interferometers or specialized industrial gratingrulers, which are complex in structure and costly, making them difficult to widely adopt in undergraduateexperimental teaching. Based on the principle of linear optical grating encoding, this paper designs andconstructs a micro-displacement measurement experimental setup suitable for university physics experimentalteaching. The setup utilizes the A-and B-phase quadrature signals output by the grating sensor, employs afourfold frequency subdivision counting method to significantly improve measurement resolution, and achievesreal-time displacement measurement and display through pulse counting. Taking a 180 LPI grating strip as anexample, the theoretical displacement resolution of the system can reach 35.28 um. Experimental results showthat the setup exhibits good linearity within a small range ( correlation coefficient R>0.999),with repeatedmeasurement errors better than 40 um. This experimental setup features an intuitive structure, clear principles,and low cost, along with good repeatability and scalability, making it suitable for promotion and use inuniversity physics experiments and related courses.

 A portable non-contact alcohol concentration measurement device was designed and implementedbased on near-infrared spectroscopy technology to address issues such as sample contact, complex operation,and large equipment size in traditional alcohol concentration detection methods. The 1 310 nm wavelength wasdetermined to be the optimal light source wavelength by comparing the fitting effects of three wavelengths(1 210,1 310, and 1 550 nm).Further optimization of the cuvette path length led to the selection of a 10 mmpath length for the best linear fitting.A linear model correlating alcohol concentration with the output current ofthe photodiode was established at 30 °C, and a relationship model incorporating alcohol concentration, current,and temperature was developed with temperature compensation. Experimental results show that error betweenpredicted and standard concentrations is less than 1%, indicating that the device offers good accuracy andportability, making it suitable for on-site rapid detection.

 Wireless power transmission has wide applications in modem life and technology. From theperspective of demonstration experiments, this paper designs secondary coils with different loads.It explores therelevant characteristics of primary and secondary coils, and experimentally finds the resonant frequency of theprimary and secondary coils to be f= (21388) Hz.Based on this resonance, the output power and transmissionefficiency under different load resistances are measured experimentally. The optimal effect is achieved at around1000. Further selecting a load resistance of 1000,the variation of output power at two characteristic positionsis explored. Within the primary coil, the closer the secondary coil is to the boundary, the greater the outputpower. In the vertical central axis direction, the distance at which the power drops to 36.8% is found to be(59.80.9) mm. Based on the research of the above parameters, four types of demonstration loads are designed.

 A simulation platform for Newton's rings experiment was designed based on Python. The platformcomprises four modules: demonstration experiment, simulation experiment, data processing and AI assistance.The demonstration experiment dynamically simulates the law of Newton 's rings interference image changingwith various parameters. Based on 3Dmax modeling, the simulation experiment supports interactive operationssuch as instrument adjustment, visual field observation, and data measurement and storage. Data processingemploys least squares fitting,supporting the import of both simulated and real-world experimental data, therebyenhancing accuracy and efficiency. The AI assistance module assists in answering students  questions in time.The optical image display of the platform is realistic, the operation process is interactive, the data processing isaccurate, and the AI assistance for students' questions is timely.It can provide assistance for the teaching of theoplical part, and also provide design ideas and production frameworks for the simulation of other experiments.

 The snake pendulum is a classical mechanics demonstration device composed of multiple simplependulums with different lengths, holding significant value in applied physics experimental teaching at localuniversities. To address the limitations of traditional small-angle (<5o) approximations where the oscillationamplitude is too small and demonstration effects are restricted, this study establishes an exact dynamic model ofthe snake pendulum based on MATLAB, systematically investigates its nonlinear characteristics, and developsteaching extension designs. First, the exact period formula for large-angle oscillations based on the completeelliptic integral of the first kind is derived, and a snake pendulum system comprising 10 pendulum bobs with atotal period of 40 s is designed. To meet demonstration requirements with pendulum angles expanded from 5o to45o, two implementation schemes-" period compensation" and " pendulum length compensation"-areproposed. Theoretical calculations indicate that when the pendulum angle increases to 45o, adopting the periodadjustment scheme(new period 41.598 9 s) can enlarge the maximum horizontal oscillation amplitude of thebobs from 6.54 cm to 53.07 cm without requiring reprocessing of pendulum lengths, significantly enhancingexperimental operability. MATLAB numerical simulations verify the periodicity and waveform evolution patternsof different pendulum bob positions over time, providing effective theoretical guidance and practical solutionsfor physics experimental teaching.

 Electromagnetic field experiments serve as a window for students to leam and understand the
applications of electromagnetic fields. The eddy current phenomenon,as one of the manifestations of electromagneticinduction, is widely applied in engineering fields such as non-destructive testing, induction heating andelectromagnetic braking. Maxwell,a professional finite element electromagnetic simulation tool, can vividly simulatethe distribution and characteristics of eddy current fields and interpret the solutions of vector equations throughgraphics and images.Combined with experimental teaching, an eddy current field simulation based on Maxwell wasdesigned.By changing materials and conducting frequency sweep analysis, the penetration depth and eddy currentloss were obtained.This practice cultivates students' ability to analyze and solve problems with electromagnetic fieldsimulation tools,and enhances their learing interest and engineering practical capabilities.

 Against the backdrop of artificial intelligence ( AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) driving theintelligent upgrading of traditional optical instruments, this study addresses the limitations of conventionalMichelson interferometers, such as reliance on manual operation and low measurement efficiency. We developeda novel intelligent measurement system integrating automatic recognition, precise measurement, and smartinteraction,based on an STM32 main control unit, K230 visual recognition module,stepper motor, and ESP32-S3 open-source AI module. The system leverages the K230 module for real-time acquisition and automaticcounting of interference fringes, and employs closed-loop control of the stepper motor to achieve high-precisiondriving of the movable mirror displacement. The AI module enableshuman-machine interaction, and supportsBluetooth-based synchronization of measurement data to a mobile app for visual analysis. Experimental resultsdemonstrate that the system achieves a measurement error of 1.5% and a fringe recognition response delay of500 ms, representing a significant improvement in measurement efficiency and accuracy compared totraditional instruments. Through the deep integration of AI technology with classic optical instruments, thisresearch not only significantly enhances experimental efficiency and measurement accuracy but also providesreference value for the intelligent transformation of physics experiments and personalized teaching.

 The photoelectric effect is not only important content in college physics teaching but also a classicexperiment in college physics laboratories. Aiming at the problems of traditional physical experiments, such ascumbersome instrument adjustment, invisible microscopic processes, and large measurement errors, this paperdesigns and implements a web-based virtual simulation experiment platform. The platform not only reproduces theexperimental setup and measurement process completely,enabling the measurement of I-V characteristic curves,fitting of stopping voltage, and calculation of the Planck constant, but also intuitively presents the microscopicprocesses of photon incidence,electron emission, and photocurrent formation through a dynamic electron motionview. Teaching application results show that the virtual experiment helps students deeply understand thephotoelectric effect theory,improves experimental teaching effectiveness as well as students' operational and dataanalysis abilities, and can provide a reference for the reform of physics experiment teaching.

 A numerical simulation program for one-dimensional (1D) string vibration was developed based on thePython programming environment. The program employs the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method tosolve the 1D wave equation incorporating a damping term,enabling dynamic simulations of string vibrations undervarious boundary and initial conditions. Through a Graphical User Interface (GUI), users can flexibly configureparameters such as string length, tension, linear density, damping coefficient, initial displacement, drivingfrequency,and plucking position. The system allows for the intuitive observation of multiple modes, includingstanding wave formation and guitar string vibrations, and is capable of generating animations,exporting data,andplaying back audio.This simulation system serves as a visual and interactive auxiliary tool for both theoretical andexperimental teaching of 1D string vibrations, deepening students' understanding of numerical solutions to waveequations and physical phenomena. Furthermore,it provides a convenient platfom for string vibration research,effectively enhancing students' scientific thinking and innovative capabilities.

 Gravitational wave detection from binary black holes represents a major frontier in modern astronomyand physics. Incorporating this topic into undergraduate physics education can stimulate students' interest andenhance their scientific literacy. However, the subject involves concepts from general relativity, wavepropagation, and laser interferometry,featuring abstract physical images and complex causal chains that posesignificant challenges in classroom instruction. To address these difficulties, this study develops a simplified yetself-consistent Python-based simulation of gravitational wave detection from binary black hole inspirals. Themodel organically integrates three key physical processes-binary black hole orbital evolution, gravitationalwave generation, and detector response-and presents them through dynamic visualization on a unified timeaxis. The simulation demonstrates the inspiral motion of binary black holes, the time-domain evolution ofgravitational wave strains, the variation in interferometer amm lengths, and the resulting interference fringepatterns.It provides an intuitive and operable instructional tool to support classroom teaching and inquiry -basedlearning of the principles underlying gravitational wave detection from binary black holes.

 Based on the core objectives of college physics teaching, this paper discusses the connectionbetween theoretical and experimental courses, and constructs an integrated system of " Theory-Experiment-Expansion" from the two aspects of the integration of teaching content and the innovation of teaching methods.Taking the Hall effect experiment as an example, the in-depth integration of theory and experiment is realizedthrough situational stimulation, principle derivation, hierarchical experimental exploration and closed-loopreflection. This paper provides a practical and feasible practice scheme for the teaching reform of college
physics courses.

Quantum mechanics is not only the cornerstone for understanding the microscopic structure ofmaterials and the physical mechanisms of devices,but also a key theoretical tool for new energy materials, anddevices toward high efficiency, intelligence, and sustainability. In the context of emerging engineeringeducation, many university engineering programs are facing the practical challenge of reduced course hours forquantum mechanics, which poses significant difficulties for teaching. How to ensure teaching quality withinlimited class time and guide students toward effective leamning through well-designed assessment methods hasbecome a core issue in the teaching reform of quantum mechanics courses. To address this challenge, thispaper, guided by the principle of " problem-oriented and targeted strategies," explores teaching reforms for thequantum mechanics course in the new energy materials and devices major, with the goal of facilitating afundamental shift in student leaming-from " learning to calculate" to " learning to apply" -within limited
course hours.

To address the high-level demands for innovative talent cultivation posed by the development of newengineering disciplines, this study tackles the traditional Engineering Optics course, which often overemphasizestheory and neglects practice. To resolve this issue, we introduced a student-centered, project-based teachingreform.This initiative aims to cultivate students' higher-order thinking and comprehensive practical abilities.The core of this reform is to construct and implement a comprehensive teaching project represented by Micro-displacement Measurement Using Fiber Optic Sensing. Students are guided through the entire engineeringworkflow, including optical principle analysis, sensor structure simulation, optical path construction, signalprocessing, and performance evaluation. Results show that when the five-core optical fiber is 2 cm long, thesensor produces an oplimal number of interference peaks. It achieves a sensitivity of 0.165 nm/um, and thelinearity between the displacement and the optical quantity is high within the range of 0~ 5 um. The fittingdegree of the interference peak wavelength and the displacement is 0.999 12, and the measurement limit is0. 104 um. This project-based approach has effectively stimulated students' motivation for independent learing,significantly enhancing their comprehensive competencies in system design,engineering practice, data analysis,and innovative application.