Abstract: The Fourier transform property of a lens has been widely applied in optical experiments．However，for
beginners，this property is often difficult to understand，especially the influence of the lens aperture size on the
spectral distribution of an object ( such as the vignetting effect) ． At present，intuitive simulation-based
demonstrations of this effect are still lacking． To address this issue，this paper calculates the optical field
distribution after a lens based on Fresnel diffraction and employs numerical simulations to illustrate the Fourier
transform property of a lens，with particular emphasis on the effect of the lens aperture size on this property．
Specifically，we investigate the characteristics of the spectral distribution at the back focal plane under plane-
wave illumination，the influence of the object's position relative to the lens on the spectral distribution，and the
effect of the lens aperture size on the object's spectral distribution．Through numerical simulation studies，
students can develop a more concrete and intuitive physical understanding of the Fourier transform properties of
lenses．
陆万利. 透镜实现傅里叶变换的仿真研究[J]. 大学物理实验, 2026, 39(3): 106-113.
LU Wanli. Simulation of the Fourier transform properties of lenses. Physical Experiment of College, 2026, 39(3): 106-113.
